The Sun Also Rises [I Cannot Express To You How Glad I Am That I Am Ta

The Sun Also Rises [I can't communicate to you how happy I am that I am taking this class. I am altogether appreciating Hemingway. The Sun Also Rises is perhaps the best book I've perused in a significant long time. For some time there, I was, for God comprehends what reason, taking Physics and Chemistry and Biology. It is actually an undertaking to be back with books and words and perusing. I am additionally astounded that I never could peruse a greater amount of Him when it wasn't a task. What's more, how could it be that when I am advised to express a 3-5 page exposition I can just come through with more than two, yet a one-page reaction consistently needs to be twenty pages long?] I completed the process of perusing SAR around ten o'clock this evening. I could have taken it across the board large swallow when I started seven days back, however I was unable. It needed me to bring it out gradually, so I regularly ended up understanding five or ten pages and laying it aside to inges t without inundating. A man becomes acclimated to perusing Star Wars and mash fiction and New York Times Bestsellers and overlooks what writing is until it smacks him in the face. This book was composed, not produced or word-handled. Once more, I completely appreciated perusing. I never saw it until it was raised in class, possibly in light of the fact that it wasn't a point for me In Our Time, yet He doesn't regularly enough acknowledge citations for, ,he said, or, ,said Brett, or, ,Bill answered. In SAR it stood and pointed out itself. I wasn't especially pestered by His not revealing to me who said what, however it was very...pointed. I initially saw around the hundredth page or somewhere in the vicinity. At that point I understood I was unable to monitor who was talking. By not harping on it, however, kind of (hate to state this) tolerant it, I figured out how to allot discourse to whomever I felt was talking. Step by step I came to appreciate it, in another plane of perusing, m aking sense of from whom words were starting. To not see it, as though it were one of those irritating 3-D banners that you can't see until you put forth a coordinated attempt not to attempt to see, got straightforward - much like those 3-D pictures are once you realize what not to search for. (I severely dislike finishing sentences with prepositions...) His not recounting was elevating to the story. It made things come much progressively alive. As a discussion that you're hearing at a close by table in a café, the trades streamed, with me as a more uninvolved peruser than in a story written to be perused rather than lived. It has consistently been alarming for me to peruse a book with the information that there are things I should be getting, yet not exactly. The fish in the pools and the moral story and similarity and imagery aren't enamored with me. Attempting to see that the matadors and their immaculateness or need and how it identifies with Him as an essayist encompassed by a vast expanse of new fiction printed for the general population, that is all fine and well. The short sentences, the absence of qualifying, he saids and she saids and such, the awfulness of his affection for Brett, those are the things I appreciate perusing. Those are the reasons I read and the reasons a man like Him composes. There are more peculiar things, Horatio...or something to that effect. I trust Paul Simon read Hemingway sooner or later in his life. Stillcrazymotherandchildreunionreneandgeorgettemagrittewith... It is a decent book. I was astounded that more was not given to the bulls. The whole story was prompting it, and afterward it was done and they were no more. Extremely ground-breaking they were nevertheless passing. I need to go currently, obviously, to Pamplona, as I'm certain each and every individual who peruses does in the wake of wrapping up. It is presumably terrrrrrrible now with touristas and Coke and Nike all around, however I wager still delightful. A man w as murdered for the current year, did you know?

Different Manifestation Gifts

There is by all accounts a particular distinction between the sign endowments (1 Corinthians), the redemptive blessings (Romans 12-prophet, hireling, educator, exhorter, supplier, ruler, and benevolence), and the service blessings wherein we exit our different endowments (Ephesians 4). The redemptive blessings are perhaps gotten at origination, as opposed to salvation. (It is one of God’s riddles concerning when we genuinely get a redemptive blessing. The Bible doesn't clarify the specific planning. See Jeremiah 1:5 for sign of introductory gifting. The endowments will in general shape our character and the manner in which we may then get at least one of the sign blessings. A redemptive blessing is the finesse of God woven into what our identity is; that by His Spirit we are made right with God and ready to respect Him with whom He has made us to be. There are sure basic conduct qualities that are utilized to help decide the redemptive blessings (Primary and Secondary) of a pe rson. Albeit certain qualities, for example, sympathy may come effectively for certain endowments, we are forewarned not to blame our present for not growing.We are completely gotten to exit the product of the Spirit whether it falls into place without any issues or not. The redemptive blessing showing built up an association with the numerous arrangements of 7’s in the Bibleâ (7 things Christ said on the cross, 7 days of creation, and 7 household items in the sanctuary). Additionally, the redemptive blessings likewise fit urban communities/places of worship/states/foundations. The province of Minnesota is redemptive endowment of provider (lakes/birthing). USA all in all is prophet (imagination/plan/starts things out in culture). The urban areas of Princeton/Zimmerman/Elk River, I accept are Teacher/Servant/Giver.Any business or church likewise has a primary redemptive blessing. When this is clear, the fate will be made considerably more understood. Here is a Diagram of the Three Types of Gifts: 1: Prophet Behavioral Characteristics: - Sees things in dark and white - Simplistic perspective †must understand everything - Able to evaluate circumstances rapidly and recognize whether fortunate or unfortunate - Takes activity, loves new things - Goes against the norm - Does not keep up well running association †will stop, improve it, or change it - Always has a feeling and is happy to communicate it Judges others urgently - Bold, knows no dread †Not scared by the obscure - Extraordinarily liberal †incautious/indiscreet - Shifts equips rapidly †enormous scope of feeling - Visionary †need to know where they are going †Fiercely serious †Gives complete honesty †uncovered shortcoming, impulse for trustworthiness and uprightness †Very hard on self †no longer noticeable, therefore not worth thinking about †Passion for greatness Principle: Design is the specialty of weaving standards together so as to creat e change. Standard can be characterized as a general non-discretionary circumstances and logical results relationship.The rule of configuration is primary to the various standards. God has called the prophet to examine standards (to take a gander at issues and openings) and amass them into sets that produce results. Claim/Blessing: The enthusiasm of the Prophet is to by and by have the chance to take themselves as well as other people to the external furthest reaches of greatness with God. Demonstrating the image of God so unique and genuine that it moves individuals out of the solace they are encountering and into an excursion that will carry them to satisfaction of what God made them to be. 3 Types of Principles of Design for Prophet to Study:Man to Matter Man to Man (Most Overlooked and Weakest Area Human Relationships) Man to the Spirit Realm â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 2: Servant Behavioral Characteristics: †S ees needs and meets them †regularly outside or ecological requirements †Very scarcely any foes †viewed as a protected individual †Inability to acknowledge greatness in work, to avow self, or get attestation from others †Extends respect to others †Sees potential/best in others †Has a wild displeasure that only here and there happens yet typically spins around steadfastness †Save stuff however not generally composed about it If youthful can turn into an empowering influence †develop worker figures out how to enable †Attracts disrespect, particularly in home, and normally doesn't avoid †Very serious in games or sports †May will in general rationalize youngsters †Purity of thought processes †like no other blessing; never tallying up what’s owed †Integrity/trustworthiness/effortlessness †Joyful †Obedience comes effectively †Tends toward exploitation/abuse by others †Difficulty saying no †wants to satisfy others Principle: Authority God gives more profound power to Servants than different endowments since they don’t need it they are not tainted with the domain building germ like different endowments †The servant’s petitions for pioneers convey more weight than different endowments †Highest degree of power over the Death Spirit in Spiritual fighting (in an untimely wicked assault) since God believes the Servant to do just what He has requested that they do †Authority over land (reclamation of environment) Birthright/Blessing: The hireling strolls in sacredness in their own life. They are eager to grasp a high calling of blessedness and bring a feeling of virtue and cleanliness.When the hireling hears truth spoken it reverberates profoundly. The hireling has the diligence to connect with the injured and harming (not restricted to, yet particularly in family circumstances). The hireling can be a definitive life-supplier, discovering sa tisfaction in being an actual existence provider to permit others to accomplish their work; they give purifying and position to other people. There is a profound want to engage others to accomplish their best. Joseph, Jesus’ father was a case of supreme dutifulness. He did what God asked of him with respect to Mary and Jesus unfailingly. God utilized him to secure them. Joseph had nurturing acquiescence and was exceptionally trusted. ___________________________________________________________ 3: Teacher Behavioral Characteristics: - Need to approve truth †Doesn’t get or dismiss new thoughts or individuals immediately †Safe individual genuinely †can tune in to brokenness and sin and not be dismissing †Makes new choices gradually †Deep family reliability †Tend to be poor at returning obtained things †Difficult time returning calls †Typically late †Difficulty taking care of cash - Usually opposes utilizing human outlines †Unwillingness to start a procedure until they can see the finish of the procedure †Tends to be a frightful individual Great comical inclination †Usually the last to talk in a gathering †Tend not to go overboard or hop the firearm †An exceptionally understanding individual, slow tempered †Likes to spare things Principle: Responsibility The educator is to stroll in duty in each aspect of their life. Their most elevated obligation is to love God. They should make venerate a way of life, that they would envision and appreciate being with God. On the off chance that the educator is lustful they will be specifically dependable and reluctant to force duty on others. The educator would prefer to take a stab at convincing individuals to change as opposed to confront.Birth right/Blessing: Intimacy The instructor must know who they are as they steadily exit God’s will and afterward uncover the show nearness of God to the remainder of the assemblage of Christ. Th e Lord needs to be available in the life of the instructor having them encounter and observe Him. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ 4: Exhorter Behavioral Characteristics: †Party searching for a spot to happen †Instant affinity with outsiders †Highly social †Has capacity to comprehend and relate well to others †Able to move effectively from casual conversation to sharing the gospel Able to keep up relationship in spite of the fact that may firmly differ with other gathering †Can have boisterous contention without distance of other individual †Master communicator †Flexible †ready to relinquish an arrangement effectively †Visionary †Seeks the endorsement of others †Dramatic and frequently exaggerated †Natural pioneer †High vitality individual †Obsessive urgent verbal expressive †Loves change †Governs by influence instead of rule Princi ple: Sowing and Reaping The exhorter must grasp agony and languishing. The most troublesome zone for the exhorter is to endure dismissal. They should go up against transgression and be eager to confront dismissal from inside the community.They must manifest truth and earned authority through torment and languishing. The exhorter can be a world changer for Christ when they grasp the standard. Inheritance/Blessing: Know God by and by and experientially (Gideon), remove time from individuals to know God and have His position. The assortment of Christ is needy upon the exhorter turning into all God made them to be; God has called the exhorter to be a world changer! _________________________________________________________ 5: Giver Behavioral Characteristics: †Most differing/versatile/adaptable of all blessings †Very autonomous Designed not to be penniless †doesn't seek others for help †Can take a gander at an issue and discover own answer †Can’t be hustle d †must accumulate cash before can give †Able to identify with wide scope of individuals †Sensitive to control of other’s toward life partner or family †Private in own life †defensive of notoriety of self, mate, and family †Delegates otherworldly fighting †Non-angry naturally â€

Absolute Guide on How to Write an Essay in College

Absolute Guide on How to Write an Essay in College In this blog, we are going to share with you the experts tips on how to write an essay in college. Lets start:- What is an Essay? Summary What is an Essay?Types of essayHow to write a good essay in collegeSelect a topic for essay writingBe uniqueA perfect image essayMention referencesProofreadingUse simple languageSet your time limitImportance of EssayHow to Pick a College Essay TopicPurpose of essay writingInformationPersuasionExplanatoryConclusion An essay is the best technique to embed the figures and facts completely together, which taken remained received from diverse sources. It needs explaining and simplifying complex thoughts. Knowledge to go from the complex to the simple makes the writing more suitable to the readers. Listening to a lecture may not assure information embedding. Types of essay Educational EssaysDescriptive essaysNarrative essaysContrast and compare essaysArgumentative essays How to write a good essay in college There are several steps for writing the essay in college. Such as: Select a topic for essay writing Be careful though choosing the topic for your essay. You discover so several topics on the remaining but do not select directly. Make sure you do appropriate research on the topic. Though researching a topic, you necessity to make sure that your topic must contain novelty as there are so many like topics available. It is desirable to select that topic that will be interesting to the interview. Please select a topic that you take a passion for it. The more you know in what you write the perfect essay you take as an outcome. Be unique If you are using your original content in an essay, then you take more probabilities that your audience finds your essay stimulating. You may find material from diverse perspectives that make your work stand out from the gathering. A perfect image essay If conceivable, images, graphs, and use diagrams. Images are a strong method to transfer your message to the audience. Mention references Remember to mention references at the end of your work. A particular amount of relevant references will show that you have studied your topic correctly and adequately. Proofreading It is a significant part of making an essay perfect. First, finish your work and ask someone else to read it too. Meaning checking is not sufficient. If somebody else reading your work, then you may make changes in your essay or even the tone as the modifications recommended through the experts. Use simple language When you are writing the essay, so please use simple language because any person cannot easily understand hard language. Set your time limit The most significant thing that you necessity complete your essay on time. Since the due date has significance in the college life of students, it helps you in accomplishing good marks. Importance of Essay It is significant to you since it provides you a chance to display the college somewhat about you that they do not see in the rest of your application. Essays help as an instrument to test the students information through measuring their influences, analyses, and specific examples, along with the inferences they draw about the material covered in the course. Once the students write an essay, they are trying to express themselves. How to Pick a College Essay Topic Focus on a moment: One of the simplest ways to think of a college essay topic is to effort on a specific example that changed you or that signifies something about your character. Recognize and Answer the Essay Prompt: At this point, youve come up with more ideas than you may fit into one essay. Now you require to focus your objectives to only three or four thoughts â€" the ones that will make you the best-looking to the college admissions board. Purpose of essay writing Information Authors that write essays that objectives to inform has the purpose of giving its students information that can be new, different, or updated. They can also write on subjects that most people get incorrect information approximately or even provide in-depth details about a specific topic. Persuasion When writing an essay that aims to influence the readers, the goal is to create your readers take achievements. Several writers who efforts to write this type of essay should do extensive research to be capable of completely maintenance its thesis statement or its right, and of course, to make the students trust in their stance. Explanatory Explanatory essays commonly contain an explanation of a process that your selected audience would ordinarily have difficulty in executing. Conclusion To write an essay for college, it takes more time. The above information on essay writing helps you in solving your question related to how to write a perfect essay. If you are facing any problem when writing the essay, then avail our how to write a perfect essay service from our experts. Our professionals are at any time available for your essay writing help. Our company is providing the plag free content. Get the best college essay writing help from the experts at nominal charges. When the users are not satisfied with our service, our company is returning the cash back to the users.

Cloture Defintion - Senate Rule to Break a Filibuster

Cloture is a procedure used occasionally in the U.S. Senate to break a filibuster. Cloture, or Rule 22, is the only formal procedure in Senate parliamentary rules, in fact, that can force an end to the stalling tactic. It allows the Senate to limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours of debate. Cloture History The Senate first adopted the cloture rule in 1917 after President Woodrow Wilson called for the implementation of a procedure to end debate on any given matter. The first cloture rule allowed for such a move with the support of a two-thirds majority in the upper chamber of Congress. Cloture was first used two years later, in 1919, when the Senate was debating the Treaty of Versailles, the peace agreement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. Lawmakers successfully invoked cloture to end a lengthy filibuster on the matter. Perhaps the most well known use of cloture came when the Senate invoked the rule after a 57-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Southern lawmakers stalled debate over the measure, which included a ban on lynching, until the Senate mustered enough votes for cloture. Reasons for Cloture Rule The cloture rule was adopted at a time when deliberations in the Senate had ground to a halt, frustrating President Wilson during a time of war. At the end of the session in 1917, lawmakers filibustered for 23 days against Wilsons proposal to arm merchant ships, according to the Senate Historians office. The delay tactic also hampered efforts to pass other important legislation. President Calls for Cloture Wilson railed against the Senate, calling it the only legislative body in the world which cannot act when its majority is ready for action. A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own, have rendered the great government of the United States helpless and contemptible. As a result, the Senate wrote and passed the original cloture rule on March 8, 1917. In addition to ending filibusters, the new rule allowed each senator an additional hour to speak after invoking cloture and before voting on a bills final passage. Despite Wilsons influence in instituting the rule, cloture was invoked only five times over the course of the following four and a half decades. Cloture Impact Invoking cloture guarantees that a Senate vote on the bill or amendment being debated will eventually happen. The House does not have a similar measure. When cloture is invoked, senators are also required to engage in debate that is germane to the legislation being discussed. The rule contains a clause the any speech following the invocation of cloture must be on the measure, motion, or other matter pending before the Senate. The cloture rule thereby prevents lawmakers from merely stalling for another hour by, say, reciting the Declaration of Independence or reading names from a phone book. Cloture Majority The majority needed to invoke cloture in the Senate remained two-thirds, or 67 votes, of the 100-member body from the rules adoption in 1917 until 1975, when the number of votes needed was reduced to just 60. To being the cloture process, at least 16 members of the Senate must sign a cloture motion or petition that states: We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, hereby move to bring to a close the debate upon (the matter in question). Cloture Frequency Cloture was rarely invoked in the early 1900s and mid-1900s. The rule was used only four times, in fact, between 1917 and 1960. Cloture became more common only in the late 1970s, according to records kept by the Senate. The procedure was used a record 187 times in the 113th Congress, which met in 2013 and 2014 during President Barack Obamas second term in the White House.

The Effects Of Television On America During The 1980s

Ian Rathburn Ms. Bunkleman American Studies 1 June 2016 The Important Effects of Television in America in the 1980s Television is one of the most popular ways to consume media. However, television wasn’t always the way it is today. Many changes took place in the television industry during the 1980s. Some of the important changes that took place in the 1980s were the new types of programming, the increase in the popularity of cable television, and new technology that was invented such as the remote control. Television had a huge effect on society through the way if affected the ways children could be educated and what people watched. It impacted technology through changes in how people watched television and what people could record and watch on television. It also had an enormous effect on the economy through changes in competition in the television industry and how musicians and their music could be made popular. Television in America in the 1980s affected society, technology, and the economy. Television in the 1980s had a huge effect on society. There was a lot of new programming for chil dren in the 1980s. â€Å"During the 1980’s, television programming attempted to entertain, educate, socialize, and inform children in both the United States and Canada† (Schmitz). Much of this new programming was shown on PBS. These shows included Reading Rainbow, Sesame Street, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, and 3-2-1 Contact. Reading Rainbow, which debuted in 1983, strove to foster literacyShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effects of TV, JFK and Elvis on America1370 Words   |  6 PagesEffects on America (1945-1980) From the creation of the United States, it had to overcome many things and take action on multiple issues. Starting with the French and Indian war that removed France from the original colonies, continuing to the revolts against taxes leading up to the American Revolution, when the United States won their independence from Britain, resulting in one of the most important documents in the United States, the Declaration of Independence and our first president,Read MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1945, many people, including Australians themselves, considered Australia to be nothing more than a British colony whose national identity was virtually the same as the British. During this period of Australias history, our modes of entertainment, food, fashion, sporting culture and our social values and attitudes were largely dictated by British culture. One of the most significant changes to have taken place in Australian society since the end of WWII, has been its drift towards AmericanRead MoreLife Of The 1980 S1167 Words   |  5 PagesCassie Toth Mrs. Weide American HIstory II 18 November 2016   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life in the 1980’s   Ã‚  Ã‚   The 1980’s was a time of prosperity throughout America. From the Calendar that went from January 1st to December 31st to the increase of jobs. This decade was full of good changes socially, economically, and politically. The President of the United States during the 1980s was Ronald Reagan. The liberals were known as â€Å"Reagan Democrats†. The most significant event that happened under PresidentRead MoreThe Cnn Effect : An Exploration Of How The International Media1732 Words   |  7 Pages THE ‘CNN EFFECT’: AN EXPLORATION OF HOW THE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ‘DRAGGED’ AMERICA TO SOMALIA POST 1991 BACKGROUND Mass communication is the process which public messages are transmitted and are directed at large audiences with different values not found at a particular place but in different places. In the media arena globalisation refers to worldwide distribution of the same programme content and the distribution of special interest information that is aimed at a globally dispersed minority audienceRead MoreArt as Entertainment in the Musical Xanadu Essay619 Words   |  3 Pagesentertainment is not completely different from symbolic art or art that has inspired millions of people. This is apparent in the musical Xanadu, where the cultures of Ancient Greece and 1980s America somehow meld together to create a truly spectacular world that the audience can really delve into. Whether the medium is television, movies, visual art, or musical art, art that is purely for entertainment still holds an important place in the world and should be regarded no differently from art that existsRead MoreGood Things that Came out fo the Great Depression1076 Words   |  4 Pages From 1929 to the early 1940s, America was hit hard by the Great Depression. The economy plummeted to rock bottom. It affected millions of lives throughout the country, even the rich. It caused families to use shabby clothes again and again, instead of buying new apparel and wasting money. People cut back on spending and where they spent it. Then, WWII affected the economy by putting it back on track. Along with it, was the Manhattan Project, which greatly affected the U.S. The Manhattan ProjectRead MoreEssay on Impact Of Television in Presidential Coverage1490 Words   |  6 Pages In the 1950s, television, having been introduced to political coverage as a new medium, surpassed the dominance of newspaper and radio media as the primary public source of information regarding politics by 1962. Political processes and events of various measures were all soon televised in recognition of overwhelmingly positive public feedback. By the 1970s, live coverage of major political events were a s common as seeing grass on the ground. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Through the impact ofRead MoreMusic in the 1980s1137 Words   |  5 PagesMusic In the 1980’s The 1980s was a decade of revolutionary changes on the music scene. The two major developments were the advent of MTV and the compact disc. Music became more diverse, with new wave, heavy metal, rap, techno pop, alternative rock and the new country sounds. And music became a huge marketing tool as filmmakers, TV producers and manufacturers of everything from sneakers to soft drinks used hit songs and hot performers to sell their products. Search: how pop culture affects teensRead MoreThe Success Of The 1980 S1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The 1980’s were a period of many different innovations, studies, misfortunes, and explorations in the United States. This was a decade full of outspoken, optimistic and assertive Americans, this was a time for change. It was really a period that kind of refreshed the US and created a more confident country. There were many people that were trying to find a voice for themselves and realizing that people have a voice and it should be used and heard. Not only were thingsRead MoreA Study Of Unusual Thoughts, Feelings And Patterns Of Behaviors1672 Words   |  7 Pagespancreatitis. Binge eating, on the other hand, which is extremely overeating, results in high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart diseases and type two diabetes. Psychologists David Garner (Garner et al., 1980) and Striegel-Moore (Striegel-Moore et al., 2001) conducted studies to show the detrimental effects of one’s environment on how they perceive their body image. The study done by Ga rner, for instance, was done on young girls that were either competitive dancers or models to see if their occupations

Is Confucianism A Religion - 1973 Words

Introduction The question of whether or not Confucianism is a religion has been explored by many writers. Its religious status has been controversial in intellectual circles since the controversy of the Chinese rites of 17th century. There have been several attempts to define the religious character of Confucianism. The arguments by Matteo Ricci that the church should accommodate ancestor worship by Christians of Chinese origin because he considered it veneration and not a true worship was the beginning of Confucianism as a religious model (Tucker, 1998). Ricci and other missionaries searched for the word God as well as other forms of revelation in early Chinese scriptures. The major controversy was whether Shangdi (The High Lord) or Tian (The Heaven) could fit the bill and whether or not the natural philosophy of Chinese matched Christian revelation. The confirmation came in 1877 when James Legge, a missionary translator averred to the Shanghai Missionary Conference that Confucian scriptures were other ways of achieving ultimate truth (Tucker, 1998). Despite the fact that Confucianism may not qualify as a form of religion based on particular definitions of the term, the conceptions are tied closely to devotional practices and popular worship. From the beginning, Confucianism has had a strong religious dimension that was characterized by ritual practices, heavenly reverence, strong belief in moral order, and reverence for ancestors as the guiding providence. In itsShow MoreRelatedIs Confucianism A Religion?1595 Words   |  7 PagesIs Confucianism A Religion? Without a doubt, Confucius is regarded as one of the greatest sages of China history. Some people even refer to him as a deity. There have even been attempts to make Confucianism into a religion. However, present day people regard Confucius as an ethical teacher rather than a man of religious faith, and they refuse to believe that Confucianism is a religion. However, in order to determine whether Confucianism is a religion, the most important Confucian text, The AnalectsRead MoreConfucianism And Its Impact On Religion1208 Words   |  5 Pagesperson has a religion because it is more peace for the world. In the negative way religion is very controversial because there are many unbeliever cases that have been happen. Since the beginning of human’s life there are many belief and different religious in the world. Knowing about religion is very interesting because with this knowledge, people would respect other people beliefs. Obviously, if there are many religions, there are people from different religions. There are two religions that I amRead MoreConfucianism : Religion Or Philosophy? Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism: Religion or Philosophy? Most ancient philosophical ideas developed in the ancient Chinese empires are believed to have their roots from Confucius. Confucianism was a simple way of life propagated by Confucius around the fifth and sixth century BC. Often perceived as a religion and other times as philosophy, it is conceivably best unspoken as a comprehensive humanism that neither slights nor denies heaven. The Chinese populaces have devotedly observed Confucianism for nearly two millenniaRead MoreConfucianism : Religion, Religions, Ideologies, And Philosophies1564 Words   |  7 Pagesmany beliefs, religions, ideologies and philosophies have risen and declined thorough out humanity. These religions have their origins, a set of beliefs, a follower-ship, religious or important texts, a spread of the religion, views on women, dietary habits, holidays and like any thing else it has critiques. These are all important aspect when talking about a religion. Religions describe societies and set moral standard of th ose people who choose to follow said religion. These religions are a good historicalRead MoreBuddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, And Religion926 Words   |  4 Pagesthe right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Focus countries: China, India China: Religions in China: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, folk religion 21.9%, Hindu .1%, Jewish .1%, other 0.7% (includesRead MoreConfucianism And Daoism As Forms Of Philosophy And Religion902 Words   |  4 PagesWhile Confucianism and Daoism as forms of philosophy and religion differ on many levels they share some level of basic similarities of understanding in the world. Surprisingly, in comparison to teachings in other religions, neither of these two religions have a creation myth in the traditional sense but instead believe that in the â€Å"state of â€Å"undifferentiated chaos†Ã¢â‚¬  (IWR, 280) that was all of existence, â€Å"two polar yet complementary energies known as qi (â€Å"breath†, â€Å"energy†, or â€Å"force†)† (IWR 280)Read MoreConfucianism Is An Eastern Asia Religion / Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism is an Eastern Asia religion/philosophy. Described as a way of life. Confucianism is neither said to be a monotheistic n or a polytheistic religion. This religion originated in China during the 6th-5th century BCE, and has since then spread to countries such as Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Confucianism which means â€Å"The School of the Scholars† developed from the teachings of Confucius. It is more a system of ethics and social behavior. People who follow the teachings of Confucius also observeRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behavi orRead More Confucianism - Filial Piety in Chinese Religion Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesFilial Piety in Chinese Religion Filial piety was an integral part of Chinese culture and therefore was embraced by three of Chinas main religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Among the three, Confucianism, with its well documented social hierarchy, supported the ideals of filial piety the most. Buddhism and Daoism also supported filial piety in some of their texts, but had monastic systems that prevented monks and nuns from being filial children. The term filial piety refers toRead MoreConfucianism And Taoism : A Common Thread That Is Observed Within East Asian Religions1493 Words   |  6 PagesA common thread that is observed within East Asian religions is that there is an ideal or higher path that one can follow to attain their spiritual goals within their lifetime. The three popular religions in China, which are Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism greatly emphasized these ideal paths since direct effect of following these paths would bring harmony and structure to the society. Confucianism, a highly philosophical notion centered around the harmony in the society through the utilization

Emerging Discourse of Risk and Opportunity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Discourse of Risk and Opportunity. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the risk and its management in association with reward, opportunities and operations. The process of risk management is based on identifying, analysing and accepting or mitigating the uncertainty in various investment options (Philp, 2016). It is important to understand that risk management happen at any point of time where an investor can analyse and further attempt to properly quantify the overall potential of the losses in an investment and further take the right steps based on investment goals and tolerance in risk. The first example is of the CEO of the Treehouse namely Carson who has executed a plan of short workweek to gain more attention of the best employees to the company. He further also believed that this kind of truncated allotment of time will help the workforce to work in a more efficient way. The CEO has spent a lot of time on working for becoming the man to understand that as a manager or boss, one cannot be the dominating boss who is completely despised by the workforce (Dills, 2013). So, at the time of launching the Portland, which is Ore based coding school on online platform called as Treehouse in the year 2010, he took a cautious decision to try something unique and different. The plan was to have a four day or thirty-two hours of workweek. However, the approach adopted was quite unconventional and a risky process but it had immediate impact which created a lot of positivity in the recruitment process and people were inspired to work along with him. The plan further allowed the Treehouse to also finish for the talent which went completely against the organization with deep pockets and the business further has prospered as well. The practice adopted here was an unorthodox process and the only way to implement these decisions to have confidence to believe in the idea and try to make it happen or execute it perfectly. The first reaction of people was based on looking at it as a major risk which might not pay off. But the CEO only believed in implementing it perfectly and make it work. The process helped in getting the best kind of talent on-board and what is also amazing was the employee turnover completely reduced to nil (Miner, 2015). The process of dropping email for proprietary motives or system also called as Canopy where all the comments and data was posted or tagged for some importance and to gain some accessibility on much required basis and that has completely changed things for the company. It was also very efficient in usage and it also permit people to deal with the process of internal level communication on the set terms. At the same time, getting rid of the companys managerial level of layer further fostered the trust based loyalty with a lot of efficiency and challenging work. The workforce has the freedom to propose an idea and then later implement it. That allowed the company to be more pro-active and nimble by nature. People have the freedom to propose certain kind of concepts and ideas that seem them happen and there is no kind of micromanaging from manager side as well. It is important to understand that when employees are given more power, it is possible to increase more happiness and rise in positive outcome (Miner, 2015). Risk and opportunities Macro Hansell launched Speakr ideally called as twtMob in the year 2010 started the business with clear concept which is setup a venture that can coordinate an influencer based campaign on social network through Twitter for many Fortune 500 companies. He was clear about the programmers, designers, copywriters and developers that are required to implement it. There were money issues since the company didnt have money to pay these developers but Macro worked on finding the way to make it more beneficial without much cost. His plan was to sell it and make it a vision in which people and investors can believe in (Solomon et al, 2011). He contacted many people and can come down to six contractors who finally understood the vision. They all signed an agreement of a convertible note which says that the moment sales reached $250,000 or further attracted $1 million in the current venture capital, there is a possibility to gain control of full salary for the motive to work up to a level in equ ity share option or for cash. The company structured it in a way that the risk was there on both the side and investors were sure that the company is not using them for earning quick money and the sacrifice will be shared. As expected within one year of launch, the company could hit the target of $250,000 within eighteen months and further generated revenue close two million dollars in sales. The constraint and limitation in resources made the company highly grounded as well as resourceful and it was a smart move for them as well. The company believed in doing few things but at very high quality (Warkentin, 2011). The overall approach has finally paid off for everyone who were involved in the process. The company also run the second round of VC funding at the time when contractors went for the equity stake over cash. Operational risk management Chicago based company called as Eventup is an online market area that helps in matching the event planners with the venue. Jayne Cooke was brought in the company since the company was facing problem and she also understood the fact that the product has certain flaws. However, her immediate action was to first hire an efficient sales person to sell it before spending time on fixing it (Lam, 2013). Cooke has previously worked as a vice president in business development at a company called Groupon and she also could convince the right action here is to get the salesperson can get direct feedback from the customer which will help in fixing the operations of the company. For her, it was a matter of being more and more agile and figuring out on what is require doing without being very rigid and further get stuck with the old methods since rigidity in the organization is problematic (Ana-Cornelia, 2012). The feedback from hundreds of calls made by the sales team in time of few week, she could understand what is needed here to save the company to shut down. She further went ahead and made the fee structure simple and further streamlined the operation with the help of new customer association management tool for the places that could also track the leads. The company leaned what customer would want to pay for if it was offered to them. In the end, in the first budget year after she took in, the revenue increased to seven figures (O'Connor, 2012). Conclusion The process of managing in connection of many perspectives happens at all places in the world of finance. It also happens when any investor can buy minimal risk bonds of government over a riskier level of bond especially when a fund manager is able to hedge the currency exposure with many currency based derivatives and when a bank is able to performs a credit based check on personal level just before offering a personal line of credit to managers (Pleune, 2017). Reference Ana-Cornelia, O. (2012). Operational Risk Management.Universitatii Maritime Constanta. Analele,13(18), 335. Dills, T. (2013). Risk and reward.Commercial Carrier Journal,170(3). Lam, J. (2013). Operational Risk Management.Enterprise Risk Management: From Incentives to Controls, Second Edition, 237-270. Miner, J. (2015). Risk and Reward.Ancient Obscenities: Their Nature and Use in the Ancient Greek and Roman Worlds, 125. O'Connor, J. (2012). Operational Risk Management.Army Sustainment,44(3), 53. Philp, M. (2016). Risk and reward.Engineering Insight,17(5), 20. Pleune, T. (2017). Operational Risk Management. InCommercial Banking Risk Management(pp. 121-134). Palgrave Macmillan US. Solomon, J. F., Solomon, A., Norton, S. D., Joseph, N. L. (2011). Private climate change reporting: an emerging discourse of risk and opportunity?.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,24(8), 1119-1148. Warkentin, K. M. (2011). Environmentally cued hatching across taxa: embryos respond to risk and opportunity.Integrative and Comparative Biology,51(1), 14-25.

Types and Significance of Evaluation of Training Program free essay sample

Types and significance of evaluation of training program INTRODUCTION Training is vital for any and every organization. With the changing socio-economic and technological relevance of training, the definitions, scope, methods and evaluation of training program have also changed. One of the earlier classic definitions of training is ‘bringing lasting improvement in skills in jobs’. The present day definitions take a multi-dimensional perspective enveloping the needs of individuals, teams, organizations and the society. The steps in the training program development are planning, programme implementation, and programme evaluation and follow-up. The evaluation of any training system helps measure the’ knowledge gap’, what is defined by Riech as ‘the gap between what the trainer teaches and what the trainee learns’. Evaluations help to measure Reich’s gap by determining the value and effectiveness of a learning programme. It uses assessment and validation tools to provide data for the evaluation. Evaluation of training systems, programmes or courses tends to be a demand of a social, institutional or economic nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Types and Significance of Evaluation of Training Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A training program is not complete until you have evaluated methods and results. A key to obtaining consistent success with training programs is to have a systematic approach to measurement and evaluation. Training Evaluation Approach Evaluation methods should be determined based on the goals of the training process and should meet the demands of the various stakeholders involved. Every organization has multiple stakeholders and not everyone within the organization has the same information needs. Typically, organizational stakeholder groups include the training department, employees and business units. Their information requirements fall into two categories: whether the competencies have been learned and whether the learning has been applied toward improved performance. DEFINITION * Goldstein (1993) defines evaluation as the â€Å"systematic collection of descriptive and judgmental information necessary to make effective decisions related to selection, adoption, value and modification of various instructional activities†. * Kirkpatrick (1996) defines evaluation as determination of the effectiveness of a training programme. Evaluation of training as any attempt to obtain information on the effects of a training programme, and to assess the value of the training in the light of that information. * According to Van Dyk et al. (1997), definitions of evaluation have several implications: †¢ Evaluation is an ongoing process. It is not done at the end of course only. †¢ The evaluation process is directed towards a specific goal and objectives. †¢ Evaluation requires the use of accurate and appropriate measuring instruments to collect information for decision making. †¢ Evaluation is a form of quality control. Evaluation is not only concerned with the evaluation of students but with the wider training system as a whole. TYPES OF EVALUATION 1) Formation evaluation Formative evaluation Provides ongoing feedback to the curriculum designers and developers to ensure that what is being created really meets the needs of the intended audience. Formative Evaluation may be defined as any combination of measurements obtained and judgments made before or during the implementation of materials, methods, or programs to control, assure or improve the quality of program performance or delivery. * It answers such questions as, Are the goals and objectives suitable for the intended audience? Are the methods and materials appropriate to the event? Can the event be easily replicated? Formative evaluation furnishes information for program developers and implementers. * It helps determine program planning and implementation activities in terms of (1) target population, (2) program organization, and (3) program location and timing. * It provides short-loop feedback about the quality and implementation of program activities and thus becomes critical to establishing, stabilizing, and upgrading programs. ) Process evaluation Process evaluation provides information about what occurs during training. This includes giving and receiving verbal feedback. Process Evaluation answers the question, What did you do? It focuses on procedures and actions being used to produce results. * It monitors the quality of an event or project by various means. Traditionally, working as an onlooker, the evaluator describes this process and measures the results in oral and written reports. * Process evaluation is the most common type of training evaluation. It takes place during training delivery and at the end of the event. Most of you probably have done it in one form or another. The question we try to answer is What did you do? * Following is a sample list of the kinds of information collected to answer this question: * Demographic data (characteristics about participants and their physical location) * What was taught; how long it took * Whether or not the objectives were met * Who did what to whom, and when 3) Outcome evaluation Outcome evaluation determines whether or not the desired results (e. g. , what participants are doing) of applying new skills were achieved in the short-term. Outcome Evaluation answers the question, What happened to the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the intended population? * Specific and observable changes in behaviors that lead toward healthier or more productive lifestyles and away from problem-causing actions indicate a successful program. * For example, a successful project is one that is successful in causing a higher percentage of students to use condoms when†¦. This project would produce both outcomes and impacts. Outcome evaluation is a long-term undertaking. * Outcome evaluation answers the question, What did the participants do? * Because outcomes refer to changes in behavior, outcome evaluation data is intended to measure what training participants were able to do at the end of training and what they actually did back on the job or in their community as a result of the training. * 4. Impact evaluation Impact evaluation determines how the results of the training affect the strategic goal e. g. health promotion g oal of reducing the incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Impact Evaluation takes even longer than outcome evaluation and you may never know for sure that your project helped bring about the change. The focus is on changes that have occurred in key social indicators which are used to gauge the levels of problem occurrence. * Examples of impacts are reduction in the incidence of HIV/AIDS; increase in condom use among students * Impacts occur through an accumulation of outcomes. Impact evaluation is meant to answer the question, How what did was taught in the training affect the problem? (Think back on the problem statements you developed. * Impact evaluation tries to measure whether or not training has affected the initial problem you identified. In other words, an impact evaluation is meant to assess the extent to which what was learned is making a difference at the community level, or targeted groups, or beneficiaries of the intervention Though this type of evaluation usually tak es a long time and costs a lot of money, it is the type that really focuses, for instance, on assessing whether or not there has been a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of specific problems in the community. * The idea here is that the impact of training will hopefully be far reaching and make a difference in peoples lives. Need for Evaluation Since evaluation is an integral part of the whole process of training and development the details have to be conceived much before the actual training activity; rather-than its ritualistic tagging at the end of training. The trainer should be fairly clear of: How to evaluate What to evaluate When to evaluate Answers to these questions are dependent on the need for evaluation. Why Should A Training Program Be Evaluated? * To identify the program’s strengths and weaknesses. * To assess whether content, organization, and administration of the program contribute to learning and the use of training content on the job. To identify which trainees benefited most or least from the program. * To gather data to assist in marketing training programs. * To determine the financial benefits and costs of the programs. * To compare the costs and benefits of training versus non-training investments. * To compare the costs and benefits of different training programs to choose the best program. P rinciples of Evaluation Schuman, E. A. describes evaluation as an integral part of an operating system meant to aid trainers/ training managers to plan and adjust their training activities in an attempt to increase the probability of achieving the desired action or goals. In order to integrate training practices with business policy and objectives evaluation has to be based on sound principles such as: 1. Trainer/ Evaluator must be clear about the purpose of evaluation to be able to set the standards and criteria of evaluation. 2. For an objective evaluation, the methodology and criteria of evaluation should be based on observable and as far as possible measurable standards of assessment which have been agreed upon by the evaluators and the users of the training system. 3. Evaluation has to be accepted as a process than an end product of training. 4. As a process, it has to be continuous. The ‘one-spot’ assessment cannot guide trainers for improving subsequent programmes, therefore it has to begin before the actual training activity and end much after the conclusion of visible training activity. 5. The training objectives should be an outcome of overall organizational goals to permit tangible evaluation of training results. 6. Evaluation data should be directive rather than conclusive. It must be comprehensive enough to guide trainers in the collection of information that will enable them to comment on current training effectiveness and to improve subsequent training. . A good evaluation system is tailor-made and should provide specific data about its strength and weakness. Generalizations drawn from one training activity may be in-applicable for training across different levels and to meet different standards. Besides, they should refrain from using single instances for conclusions and generalizations. 8. A good evaluative system should provide sufficien t scope for self- appraisal by the trainer/ evaluator. 9. The Evaluative data should try to balance quantitative and qualitative information. 10. Role of the evaluator needs tone based on sound working relationship with the participants, trainers, senior line managers and policy makers. Normally a researcher or a fresher is attached to the trainer to carry out end of the course evaluation. This evaluator may have the expertise of developing and designing-evaluative tools and techniques but it would be insufficient in promoting utilization of evaluation results. Evaluator’s acceptance by the participants and interpersonal sensitivity and trust for frank sharing of feedback is a must. This would modify their role as one of giving and receiving feedback rather than just receiving feedback. They have to be proactive than argumentative. 11. Effective communication and coordination are essential. Training and evaluation plans should be discussed so that there is commonality of purpose amongst the trainers, the evaluators and those sponsoring the trainees. 12. Reporting system of evaluative data should be simple, clear, adequate and available for interpretation. It requires the, evaluator to be sensitive to the feelings of the guidance, has to be tactful and honest. As far as possible terminology used should be concise and free from jargons. 13. Realistic targets must be set. A sense of urgency no doubt is desirable but deadline that are unrealistically high will result in poor quality. 14. Finally, a trainer who is sincere about training, evaluation would always insist on complete, objective and continuous feedback on the progress and deficiencies of training to be able to maintain the momentum of the training Programme, its evaluation and subsequent improvement. Benefits of Evaluation †¢ Improved quality of training activities Improved ability of the trainers to relate inputs to outputs †¢ Better discrimination of training activities between those that are worthy of support and those that should be dropped †¢ Better integration of training offered and on-the job development †¢ Better co-operation between trainers and line-managers in the development of staff †¢ Evidence of the contribution that training and development are making to the organization. Kirkpatricks Four-Level Training Evaluation Model The four levels of Kirkpatricks evaluation model essentially measure: 1. Reaction of student what they thought and felt about the training 2. Learning the resulting increase in knowledge and/or capability 3. Behavior extent of behavior and capability improvement and implementation/application 4. Results the effects on the business or environment resulting from the trainees performance Level 1 Evaluation Reactions This level measures how participants in a training program react to the training. Every program should at least be evaluated at this level to answer questions regarding the learners perceptions and improve training. This level gains knowledge about whether the participants liked the training and if it was relevant to their work. Negative reactions reduce the possibility of learning. Evaluation tools: †¢ Program evaluation sheets †¢ Face-to-face interviews †¢ Participant comments throughout the training †¢ Ability of the course to maintain interest †¢ Amount and appropriateness of interactive exercises †¢ Ease of navigation in Web-based and computer-based training †¢ Participants perceived value and transferability to the workplace This type of evaluation is inexpensive and easy to administer using interaction with the participants, paper forms and online forms. Level 2 Evaluation Learning Level 2 evaluations are conducted before training (pre-test) and after training (post-test) to assess the amount of learning that has occurred due to a training program. Level 2 evaluations assess the extent learners have advanced in knowledge, skills or attitude. Level 2 evaluation methods range from self-assessment to team assessment to informal to formal assessment. Evaluation tools †¢ Individual pre- and post-training tests for comparisons †¢ Assessment of action based learning such as work-based projects and role-plays †¢ Observations and feedback by peers, managers and instructors. Level 3: Behavior Level 3 involves the extent to which learners implement or transfer what they learned. This level differentiates between knowing the principles and techniques and using them on the job. Potential methodologies include formal testing or informal observation. This level of evaluation takes place post-training when the learners have returned to their jobs and is used to determine whether the skills are being used and how well. It typically involves contact with the learner and someone closely involved with the learner, such as the learners supervisor. Evaluation tools: †¢ Individual pre- and post-training tests or surveys Face-to-face interviews †¢ Observations and feedback from others †¢ Focus groups to gather information and share knowledge. Level 4 Evaluation- Results This evaluation measures the success of the training program in term that executives and managers can understand such as increased production, increased sales, decreased costs, improved quality, reduced f requency of accidents, higher profits or return on investment, positive changes in management style or in general behavior, increase in engagement levels of direct ports and favorable feedback from customers, peers and subordinates. Methods of Evaluation of Training Programs: It is extremely important to assess the result of any training program. The participant must be made aware of the goals and objectives of the training program and on completion of the training program, they should be asked about the impact of the concerned training program. Evaluation of any program is a difficult task and more so of a training program. The first step toward evaluation of a training program is to define the goals and objectives of the training program. These goals and objectives should be stated in such format so that they can be measured statistically. Also both the trainer and the trainees most be well acquainted with their role in the training Program In the evaluation of any training program. The first requirement is to collect valid and reliable data. The required data can be collected by using the fowling techniques. (12) 1. Self assessments answer sheets. 2. Question confronted by the trainees. 3. Assessing the collected information and observation. 4. Final result based on earlier information plus the new data Each method of data collection has its advantages and disadvantages. Which need to taken into Consideration? The merits and demerits of each method are as follows. Merits of Self Assessment: 1. The cost factor is quite low. 2. Data can easily collect. 3. Time consumption of the trainer and trainee is negligible. 4. Outside interference is completely avoided. 5. Effective relationships develop between the trainees. 6. Well designed answer sheet can produce healthy results. Demerits of Self Assessment: 1. Self assessment is basically self evaluation which can be based of biased responses. The assessment must have enough reliability so as to draw right conclusion in regard to individual assessment. . The responses given by the trainees can be based on misrepresentation or misinterpretation of the questions asked. Thus self assessment questions should be small and easy to understand . in addition . no information should be sleeked which will embarrass the trainees. 3. The information provided by the trainees cannot be evaluated in terms of their correctness. All the trainees do not prefer to gi ve the required information lest it may be used against at any point of time. All these problems can be easily solved. Self assessment is basically adhered to by all the training programs. However what is important to consider is to make proper effective use of this technique as the trainees provide valuable information which the trainer can use to formulate training strategy. The second requirement for evaluating a training program is concerned with the evaluation of the training program when part of the training program has been completed. The time factor must be decided before the program is initiated and the evaluation criteria must be determined before the training program begins. The first evaluation will give adequate information to the trainers whither the program moving toward write direction. At the same time trainees will be able to assess the value of the program in terms of its needs and usefulness. It is extremely important to realize whether the trainees have understood the need and importance of the training program. As this stage adequate data should be collected from the trainees to make proper evaluation of the training program. The collect data, interview and questionnaire methods can be most effective. Interviews can be conducted by seeking information face to face, by means of telephone, or by other strategies like group discussions etc. Each of these methods has its own merits and demerits. Merits of Interviews: 1. Face to face interviews ensure some response, if any responses need to be clarified. The trainer can do so instantly. Similarly if the trainees want any clarification, the same can do immediately. This helps in ensuring correct information. 2. As far telephone interviews are concerned though there is lack of personnel touch. The trainee does not feel the pressure of the interviewer to give answers that suit the trainer. The trainer can answer all those question that are complex in nature. These answers have far more validity as the responses are without any pressure. Demerits of Interviews: 1. The interview is a lengthy and costly process as it requires trained and skilled personal to get results that are reliable. 2. Another important drawback is the possibility of the trainer being involved in the interview. 3. Data collected through interview methods may be out of date and hence difficult to interpret. A primary survey was done using a detailed questionnaire as a tool. The survey helped in establishing an understanding f all the four levels of evaluation – reaction, learning, changes and results. The survey used the entire population of participants who attended the training programs of the Institution over the selected three years. The institution on an average trained 3000 participants every year from across the country in its 100 training programs per year. The questionnaire had three main parts – I. Personal details to build the profile of the pa rticipants; II. ‘Effectiveness of Program’ was studied with key questions on whether the objectives of rural development were met within the program. The participants were asked to rate the program content and design on the basic inputs of knowledge, skills and attitudes. III. ‘Professional relevance of training’ was evaluated with key questions asking how relevant the program content was for meeting the local needs and whether there was enough practical application which could be used for working or transferring the knowledge to functionaries further down the line. It also probed whether the learning could be shared with other colleagues in the organization and lastly whether the course had helped in the organizational performance. Merits and Demerits of Questionnaire Questionnaires in one form or another do appear in all kinds of research and surveys. Hence it is extremely vital that the questionnaire is framed with utmost care so that it measures the variable inexactly the way it has been designed for. Once the initial design has been properly framed, a pre _ test must be conducted to find out whether the questions mean the same thing to the trainer and the trainee if found inappropriate the questionnaire should be redesigned and a pilot survey should be conducted. If found appropriate. Full survey should be conducted and if found inappropriate the questionnaire should be redesigned again. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire should be properly evaluated before going in for full survey. In regard to collection of data. It may be observed, â€Å"As with any method of data collection it is vital to plan how the data is to be collected. However with this method, since it does not usually involve the design of some sort of formal survey instrument such as questionnaire. It is all too easy to leap straight in without a plan. This can lead to a considerable waste of time and without a plan. This can lead to a considerable waste of time and even worse the wrong data being collected-so the message is plan and design your desk research in the same way as you would any more formal survey. † Database: In the first instance, the database of 9000 participants was cleaned for missing names and incomplete addresses. The questionnaire was then posted to all the participants together with a stamped self-addressed envelope. Three reminders were also posted over a period of three months to the trainees who had not replied. Questionnaires were also posted to e-mail ids wherever available. The replies received were tabulated in the SPSS format and analyzed. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE TRAINING EVALUATION * Lewis and Thorn hill, (1994) state that evaluation results that do not reflect positive changes or positive results may be a function of an incorrect decision to conduct training. This decision may have been taken higher in the organization’s hierarchy. Companies fail to do training evaluations correctly and thus do not obtain valid business or performance results (Sims, 1993). * According to Mann (1996) the question of what to evaluate is crucial to the evaluation strategy. The failure of training programme evaluations can be attributed to inadequate planning or design, lack of objectivity, evaluation errors of one sort or another, improper interpretation of results and inappropriate use of results and lack of sponsorships and lack of budget (Abernathy, 1999;Goldstein, 1993; Sims, 1993). ISSUES OR DILEMMAS IN EVALUATING TRAINING PROGRAMS A. Perceptions and attitudes of learners about evaluation. For example, trainees seem to respond best to evaluation when: The instrument or technique is clear, sensible, agreed on (or expected), well-planned, and integrated in the training design; and they understand the purpose of evaluation and see it as part of the training process. B. Is learning measurable, Observable? Can we measure or â€Å"objectify† the important leanings? C. Is training cost effective? Example: Does it increase roductivity, reduce absenteeism, lower turnover? D. Confidentiality and other uses of evaluation Ethical uses? E. Who can really measure adult learning but the learner? F. Systems-level evaluation of programs: The pilot phase The model phase The institutionalization phase FOLLOW UP: A COMPONENT OF EVALUATION A. Evaluation of Training on the Job Behavioral change Results of application B. Help in Practical Applications External services such as coaching consultancy Help by superiors and colleagues C. Further Personal Development On-the-job Further training courses D. Liaison with Former Participants Personal contacts Associations Information and conferences Alumni peer mentor in. Assessing the costs and benefits of training To conduct a thorough evaluation of a training program, it is important to assess the costs and benefits associated with the program. This is difficult to do but may he important for showing top management the value of training for the organization. For example, in one case, the net return of a training program for bank supervisors was calculated to be $148,400 over a 5-years period. Generally, a utility model would be used to estimate the value of training (benefits minus costs). Some of the costs that should be measured for the training program include needs assessment costs, salaries of training designers, purchase of equipment (computers, video, handouts), program development costs, evaluation costs, trainers’ costs (e. g. , salaries, travel, lodging, meals), facilities rental, trainee wages during training, and other trainee costs (e. g. , travel, lodging, meals). It is important to compare the benefits of the training program with its costs. One benefit that should be estimated is the dollar payback associated with the improvement in trainees’ performance after receiving training. Since the results of the experimental design will indicate any differences in behavior between whose trained and those untrained, the HR professional can estimate for that particular group of employees (e. g. managers, engineers) what this difference is worth in terms of the salaries of those employees. Another factor that should be considered when estimating the benefits of training is the duration of the training’s impact-that is, the length of time during which the improved performance will be maintained. While probably no programmes will show benefits forever, those that do incur longer-term improved performance will have greater value to the organization. Conclusion The Evaluation of any training program has certain aims to fulfill. These are concerned with the determination of change in the organizational behavior and the change needed in the organizational structure. Hence evaluation of any training program must inform us whether the training program has been able to deliver the goals and objectives in terms of cost incurred and benefits achieved. The analysis of the information is the concluding part of any evaluation program. The analysis of data should be summarized and then compared with the data of other training programs similar nature. On the basis of these comparisons, problems and strength should be identified which would help the trainer in his future training programs.

Free Essays on Education

education Both entertainment and education have been integrals parts of the human experience since the beginnings of time. Many scholars insist that the two institutions often serve jointly, with entertainers and entertainment serving as a main source of education. There is little argument, then, that in addition to generally appealing to the masses, entertainers have regularly fulfilled the role of a teacher to typically unsuspecting audiences. Entertainers have served as educators throughout history, from the origins of oral narratives through the Middle Ages. The earliest forms of unwritten communication were essentially used to spread knowledge from one source to another. Religious disciplines were the first information passed from person to person through entertainment. In the third century B.C., Buddhist monks tried to win converts outside India through the use of theater and song (Bur*censored* 97). They taught the precepts of Siddhartha and Buddha in such theatrical epics as Ramayana a nd Mahabharata, setting exacting rules for theater performance in the process (Bur*censored* 99). Similarly, Irish monks established singing schools, which taught uniform use of music throughout the church (Young 31). Through chants which were all the same, they spread identical teachings. Christian psalms and hymns in Apostolic times were sung to spread the knowledge and faith of Christianity. In fact, Christianity was promoted from the start by music. Churches were for long the only centers of learning, with monks teaching all lessons through music (Young 39). Through the use of sacred music, monks and clergy successfully spread the teachings of their religions in a practical manner. Entertainers used the theater as a place to tell the stories of the day, both fictional and topical. The African oral tradition was rich in folk tales, myths, riddles, and proverbs, serving a religious, social, and economic function (Lindfors 1). Likewise, Asia... Free Essays on Education Free Essays on Education education Both entertainment and education have been integrals parts of the human experience since the beginnings of time. Many scholars insist that the two institutions often serve jointly, with entertainers and entertainment serving as a main source of education. There is little argument, then, that in addition to generally appealing to the masses, entertainers have regularly fulfilled the role of a teacher to typically unsuspecting audiences. Entertainers have served as educators throughout history, from the origins of oral narratives through the Middle Ages. The earliest forms of unwritten communication were essentially used to spread knowledge from one source to another. Religious disciplines were the first information passed from person to person through entertainment. In the third century B.C., Buddhist monks tried to win converts outside India through the use of theater and song (Bur*censored* 97). They taught the precepts of Siddhartha and Buddha in such theatrical epics as Ramayana a nd Mahabharata, setting exacting rules for theater performance in the process (Bur*censored* 99). Similarly, Irish monks established singing schools, which taught uniform use of music throughout the church (Young 31). Through chants which were all the same, they spread identical teachings. Christian psalms and hymns in Apostolic times were sung to spread the knowledge and faith of Christianity. In fact, Christianity was promoted from the start by music. Churches were for long the only centers of learning, with monks teaching all lessons through music (Young 39). Through the use of sacred music, monks and clergy successfully spread the teachings of their religions in a practical manner. Entertainers used the theater as a place to tell the stories of the day, both fictional and topical. The African oral tradition was rich in folk tales, myths, riddles, and proverbs, serving a religious, social, and economic function (Lindfors 1). Likewise, Asia... Free Essays on Education So should cultural awareness be taught in schools? In my opinion it should as long as it is done in the right way. What I mean by that is, a multicultural education can be nothing but beneficial to a students understanding of the world around them. Unless it is taught though means that wont either have a lasting impact with the child, or its done by a teacher teaching with their own cultural bias in their class rooms. These are both worries that can be taken care of with proper training of our educators. Training is important because its rare any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. Now for this paper I am going to assume that proper training will be taking place and show why teaching cultural awareness should be taught in school. â€Å"The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view† (Welton, 113). It shows them to see outside the confines of what’s familiar to them and teaches them to appreciate as well as understand other cultures, as well as their own at the same time. What an educator should try to do is show a student the uniqueness of their own cultural background as a positive thing and how the differences of other cultures can be positive as well. Children’s attitudes toward their race and ethnic group as well as other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the culture, opinions, and attitudes of their parents. A parents perceptions of ethnic and racial groups are the strongest teachings that any kid will get and ultimately can influence a child’s attitudes toward minority groups. Its not easy for a teacher to counter the influence that a child gets from their parents, but teachers should always believe they can help, because any progress made with a student is going to help them in the future. Next to parents (primary care... Free Essays on Education The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to prepare and qualify them for work in the economy as well as helping to integrate individuals into society and teach them the norms, values and morals of society. Yet there are three sociological theories that differ greatly between them on the role of education. These are Functionalism, Marxism and Liberalism. Functionalists view the role of education as a means of socialising individuals and to integrate society, to keep society running smoothly and remain stable. Emile Durkheim, creator of the Organic Analogy, was a functionalist during the 1870’s. Durkheim believes that society can only survive if its members are committed to common social values and that education provides these to children and young people as well as raising awareness of their commitment to society. Durkheim also believed that schools teach young people that they must co-operate with their peers and be prepare to listen to and learn from their teachers. Individual pupils eventually learn to suspend their own self interests for those of society as a whole, work together and that success in education, just like in society, involves commitment to a value consensus. Similarly, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, functionalists during the 1970’s, believed that education is strongly linked to social stratificat ion by members of society and that education ‘sifts, sorts and allocates’ people to their correct place in the economy and society. By rewarding the most talented and most dedicated by allowing them into the highest paid and highest status jobs, education performs the function which is always necessary to Functionalists – differentiating all members of society so that the system runs smoothly. Like the functionalists, Marxists agree that education is functional in that it maintains the dominance of certain powerful groups in society. Unlike the functionalists, however, Marxists do... Free Essays on Education Education is the most important part of our lives. Like Belizaire’s mother said, education is the most important thing in life. In my life, like Belizaire’s mother, I had my father and my mother tell me, that education is the most important. They were telling me that education is something that I am going to keep for the rest of my life whatever happens. Whatever, I am going to do in my life education is the step, which I am going to use. Nowadays, education is like the identity for the people. Education is the thing that separates person between people. I come from Greece, and the educational system there is very difficult compared to other countries. I started school with very good teachers, and that helped me a lot, at the beginning. I had a good base, and I was a pretty good student. The truth is that I didn’t like to read too much. I could understand everything very easy bad I was lazy. Once again, my parents helped me at that part of my life, and put me at the correct path. When I was in junior high school besides my school as a student, I wanted to be a water polo athlete also. At the beginning it was easy to combine these two, but after while, as I was growing things started getting tough. My ambitions were more; I wanted to be a good athlete and a good student. That meant that I had more hours of practice and less hours to study. It wasn’t something easy; I had to wake up five in the morning to go for practice and after that eight o’clock I had to be at school. When school was over, I had to go at my house to eat and study, because six o’clock till eight in the evening I had to go for practice again. At the and of the day I was exhausted, till the next day in which I had to follow the same program. It was a very difficult program to follow. Nevertheless, I had the support of my parents that helped me. When I graduate from high school I had to make a very difficult decision. I had to decide to be a water polo pl ayer ... Free Essays on Education People always complain about how the schools in this country suck. They think that it’s a problem that schools aren’t actually educating their kids in any way. There have been countless newspaper articles published about how each graduating class has progressively worse skills in even simple things such as math and reading, and people, upon reading these facts, produce the response that they have programed into themselves for hearing such facts. I don’t think most of them care as much as they’d like to believe they do, but it’s understood that these statistics and what-not are something we should be saddened by, so they make sure they’re sad when they hear them. They have lots of different ideas about what specifically is wrong with the educational system, and they even have ideas about how to reform it. However, the root of their complaints lies in the fact that the schools aren’t teaching the students. The reason for this is that the schools aren’t really meant to teach children. They’re meant to keep unemployment rates down. In my opinion (and the opinion of many credible psychologists), people are ready to be adults a lot sooner than society lets us be. This is the cause of much teenage rebellion and like things. People say that schools need more funding. I even heard this about St. Charles High School when I went there. St. Charles is relatively wealthy town. Maybe more of our taxes are supposed to go to schools rather than special interests. That makes sense. However, if schools had more money, what would they do? They would buy better teaching equipment, like textbooks. They would hire better teachers, who would teach better for higher salaries. I don’t think any of this would work. If the schools got more funding and whatever else they’re supposed to need to teach better, the students still would not be inspired to learn. Every five-year old anxiously awaits beginning their years of schooling. Aft... Free Essays on Education Throughout high school and during my undergraduate studies, education was never a top priority for me. Only during the past two years, in the â€Å"real world†, have I realized the importance of education. I look back at those years and wish I had done more and realized all the potential I had in my hands and not wasted so much time. During my undergraduate career my social activities consumed my life. My friends were not motivated to do well in school so I followed their lead. My grades were low, and I did not even care. After I graduated in 1997 with a Psychology B.A. and lost touch with my old friends and old ways, I have realized that I should have spent more time doing some soul searching and thinking what it was that I wanted to do with my life. I liked Psychology but what I really wanted to do was work with children more closely. I had spent my junior and senior years involved in internships at Head Start and at a High School in a Program for teenaged mothers. I loved m y work there. At Head Start I was a Teacher Aid for the pre-school, teaching the children to read, numbers etc. And at the High School I counseled the teenaged mothers, took care of their kids while they went to school and after the school day I tutored them with their homework. After being out of school for a while, I started to miss that. The feeling that I was teaching something those kids, the feeling that I was making a difference. I was determined to find a job in education, with my background in Psychology, how hard could it be? I found work at a residential school for runaways and abused teenaged females. It was great! I was ready to go, I was going to change the world and change those girls lives. What I didn’t realize is that will alone does not make me a teacher and that I needed training, a lot of training. I made a lot of mistakes in that job. I got discouraged and decided to forget about working with children, forget teaching and do something else th... Free Essays on Education When I was attending grammar school about five years ago, I always thought how great it would be to choose from the diverse class opportunities that high school would provide me. I was tired of the repetitiveness that existed amongst the grammar school curricula. Once I reached high school I realized that school would be more interesting to me when I have a selection of classes to choose from. I thought high school was really diverse but when I got to college I actually found how diverse a person could be and how well-rounded a person he or she can develop into by college educational standards. An issue in today’s education is the lack of opportunity for students to engage in more diverse schooling rather that of schooling around one’s major. Most school tuitions force learning through books all day everyday, instead of learning the key aspects of life and developing into a well-rounded, diverse personality. Students don’t get the advantage to explore the d iversity of the college educational systems. They are forced to graduate in a four year period and excel in one major. The romantic notion of learning for the sake of increasing one's understanding is no longer practiced (Nguyen). Today’s college programs have lost all touch in making a person whole and complete. Being a well-rounded individual is an important aspect in today’s society. Our education symbolizes structured curricula and enforces work that is not necessary applicable to everyday common life. Institutions have changed their focus on a person who is only excelling at one thing rather than the most well-rounded individual. The art of exploring your education through various different classes has been mislaid. The creative and dynamic learning processes are slowed by many factors. One of them being, the increasing of college tuition. Raising tuition has had the adverse effect of forcing students to rush through their college years, without t... Free Essays on Education Education is very important for our lives. Without education people wouldn’t have their high-developed machine and would believe that the Earth is a planet around that all another planets are moving. Why people want to have their high education? As for me I have my reasons why I want to get high education. First reason I want to get high education is for career purpose. From the early age parents very often tell to their children that education is very important to find a good job. And this is true because if you want to be a doctor or a lower, or an engineer you must have an education. Among my friends in Russia when I was asking them why they wanted to get their high education very often they were telling me that it is necessary to get a good job and to make a good career. I agree with them because I think that it is easier to begin my career not from nothing, but with the experience and all education that I would gain in the University. Another reason why I want to get high education is because all members in my family have already received their high education. My father has finished the Institute of Technology, and my mother has finished Medical Institute. All my life I was listening from them that it is very important to get high education. When I was trying to pass my exams for the University in Russia my family was very nervous. It looked like that it wasn’t me who wanted to get to the university, but the whole family were trying with me to pass all exams. I think that family’s support in getting education is very important. At least it was so for me. Also I want to get my high education because I enjoy studying. All my life I thought that it is very important to be independent and I was trying to be independent since I was a child. I didn’t like to ask my parents to help me with my homework and I was sitting with my homework sometimes till late night but I did myself understand that all must be dependent from yo... Free Essays on Education Examine the role of processes in schools in producing different educational achievement among pupils from different social groups. Differential educational achievement is unquestionable affected by different social groups however this is not the only factor that affects the educational success of students. Members of working class place a lower value on education, they place less emphasis on formal education as a means to personal achievement, and they see less value in continuing school beyond the minimum leaving age. They place a lower value on achieving higher occupational status, when evaluating jobs they place emphasis on stability, security and immediate economic benefits and tend to reject the risks and investments involved in aiming for high status occupations. Job horizons tend therefore to be limited to a good trade. Manual and non-manual jobs account for differences in outlook and attitude, middle-class occupations provide an opportunity for continuous advancement in income and status but this is not the case for manual workers. They reach full earning capacity relatively quickly and are provided fewer opportunities for promotion. This would therefore affect the attitude of parents and this attitude and outlook on life would be passed on to the next generation. Pupils from w orking class origins would be socialized in certain situations, e.g. fatalism, immediate gratification, present time orientation and collectivism. Parental interests in their children education effects school achievement, middle class parents express interest in their children progress, they are more likely to want their children to do well and stay at school beyond the minimum leaving age level and so will encourage them to do so. Middle class children also tend to receive greater stimulus from their parents in the early years, which forms a basis for high achievement in the educational system. Different social groups have different life experie... Free Essays on Education What is education? To be specific, www.dictionary.com describes it as, â€Å"The act or process of educating or being educated.† I would say this definition is a pretty general one, but another one that the website provides is a little better, â€Å"The knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process.† This is exactly what we see as an education today. Sure people can perceive what an education means in many different ways, but education always comes back to what we were taught and what we retained from that teaching. Education is something that everyone in life needs to obtain in order for one to keep a life, without an education one will go through life with no thought process or even a purpose. After all of the definitions and different ways of viewing an education I have to ask myself what the real purpose of having an education is. Before I explain my views I have a few quotes of different views on the purpose of education. â€Å"Education: being able to differentiate what you do know and what you don’t. It’s knowing where to go to find out what you need to know; and it’s knowing how to use the information once you’ve got it.† - William Feather This quote is one that I feel has very great meaning. To me it tells us that an education is more like a journey through life, that we need to find an education to be able to deal with everything that is around us. â€Å"Being able to differentiate what you do know and what you don’t..† Certain situations are always arising in life that we don’t really know what to do with, these situations are ones that we have not been educated on and we need to put what we already do know into context to be able to deal with them. That line from the quote is the one that I feel is the real key to Feather’s thinking. Continuing on to my own experiences with education, I feel that I have been taught very well over my school years. My first memory of school was from... Free Essays on Education A country's educational system is typically influenced by a variety of factors. Racial and ethnic attitudes, for example, can play an important role in policy formation and school administration. Language is a significant factor as well. Political and religious ideologies also are potent influences on the educational system. An average student’s registration into the educational system may be affected by such factors. What is the definition of an average student? What constitutes such a student to receive an â€Å"average† education? Mike Rose’s article â€Å"Tracking†, focused on the educational system and its effects on both normal and abnormal students. One student affected by this system was Ken Harvey. He was placed in the vocational track due to the labeling of the educational system. Ken Harvey’s statement, â€Å"I just wanna be average†, was a desperate call for help. No doubt, his placement in the educational system had a negative ef fect on his life. â€Å"Ken Harvey was gasping for air†. As brought out in the article, â€Å"school can be a tremendously disorienting place.† Certain beliefs and assumptions one grew up with may be challenged by the educational system. The author summarized Harvey’s situation. He was first thrown in with all kinds of kids from all kinds of backgrounds, which was upsetting. He saw students excel in courses that only average students have access to. These include French, physics, and trigonometry. Being a working-class kid in the vocational track, Harvey’s options in dealing with the situation were constrained in certain ways. He was defined by his school as â€Å"slow†. He was placed in a curriculum that was not designed to liberate but occupy him. Other kids became familiar with Harvey’s placement and began to interact with him in certain ways. These may have had a negative impact on the development of Harvey. His mental abilities to perfo rm may have been affected. This impact may have been ... Free Essays on Education Life’s Little Reflections on Education Marcus Fabius Quintilianus or Quintilian discussed how during the second stage of education, the student would trace ivory letters, specially carved, as an aid to learning the alphabet. (Pg. 76). I can remember during my kindergarten year, the teacher giving all the students worksheets containing the letters of the alphabet. This sheet also contained instructions on how to trace or copy each letter. Still today this procedure is used as an effective learning method. Although, today’s educators split up the alphabet in small workable groups, so the letters can be mastered at a quicker pace. For each stage of education, the teachers taught me new and improved skills for memorization. For example, elementary teachers taught me how to use sight recall and songs to enforce recovery skills. Junior high teachers taught me how to read, write, and recite all information to obtain knowledge through repetition. Instructional methods passed down from one generation to the next starting from the beginning relied heavily on memorizing. Clearly the emphasis on education for all cultures was for each civilization to establish a structure for the generation or political leader. Memorization, a practical and reliable skill, could keep ethnic and geographical groups uniquely divided through historical and religious teachings. Aristotle argued that a good community rested on its members and if education were neglected then the community would suffer. (Pg. 73). City expansions, improvements, growing communities, and additional students are just a few of the problems I had to deal with in the school system as a student. I was faced with the growing number of enrollments in my school district. I attended a large school where time was very limited and the quality of education seemed to be poor. The classrooms held up to 40 students and one on one with the teacher was virtually impossible. Stayin...